Life cycle analysis
Cumulative energy requirements (CER)
and energy payback periods (EPP)

(per energy source)

 
CER
(without fuel)
[kWhPrim/kWhel]
EPP
[months]
Coal (43%)
0.3
3.6
Lignite (40%)
0.17
2.7
Gas CC (57.6%)
0.17
0.8
Nuclear (PWR)
0.07
2.9
PhotoVoltaic (poly)
PhotoVoltaic (amorph.)
1.24
0.67
141 (11.8 years)
76 (6.3 years)
Wind (5.5 m/s)
0.07
6.4
Hydro (3.1 MW)
0.04
10.9

 

 

Reference : OECD/NEA, "Externalities and Energy Policy: The Life Cycle Analysis Approach" Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 15-16 November 2001 Table 2, p 169.

 

 

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